In a previous article, we explained international relations, but in this page, I'll delve into Constructivism ! It might get a bit technical, but we'll do our best to explain it in an understandable way!
Definition and Characteristics of Constructivism
As a quick review, Constructivism is a theory that considers "relations between states are formed based on international rules, the historical culture of the country, and politics surrounding it." In Constructivism, organizations and structures in international relations are thought to be primarily determined not only by material power but also by shared ideas and identity. Ideas and identity are not naturally formed but are rather constructed through social processes. This contrasts with the materialistic approaches of Realism and Liberalism, aiming to understand international relations through cultural and social constructions. The characteristics of Constructivism can be summarized as follows:
Importance of Identity and Ideas:
Constructivism emphasizes that the identity of states or individuals influences their actions. How states or individuals perceive themselves and how they want to interact with others are considered to impact policy formation and behavior.
Role of Norms and Culture:
Constructivism suggests that norms and culture play a crucial role in international politics. Behavior and attitudes are shaped based on specific cultures and values, influencing the international community.
Interaction Among Actors:
Constructivism focuses on the significance of meaning-making and communication when states or international organizations interact. How actors understand and interpret each other shapes the dynamics of international relations.
Explaining with Constructivism
Let's use Constructivism to explain some real-world scenarios:
Change in State Identity:
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new independent states emerged. These countries needed to build their own identity, which influenced their position and interactions in the international community. For example, the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) emphasized a break from the Soviet past and constructed their unique identities.
Transformation of International Organizations:
International organizations are also influenced by changes in identity and ideas. For instance, the United Nations (UN) started emphasizing the importance of peacekeeping and human rights after the end of the Cold War, impacting the organization's mission and activities. Constructivism views these changes as reflections of identity and values.
History and Identity Connection:
Japan, with its historical background, has its historical perspective and national identity influencing its international relations. Constructivism values the impact of history and identity on a country's foreign policy and international actions, and Japan is no exception.
Formation of Security Policies:
Japan's security policies have changed in response to post-Cold War shifts and global environmental changes. From a Constructivist perspective, these changes are seen as resulting from shifts in national identity and perception. For example, Japan's pacifistic identity influences its security policy direction.
International Cooperation and Identity Recognition:
Japan actively participates in international cooperation, establishing its position in the international community. Constructivism highlights the importance of identity in building cooperative relationships between states or international organizations. Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) and international peacekeeping activities are considered to be shaped by the country's identity and values.
Conclusion
How was it? We hope this article has deepened your understanding of Constructivism! Thank you for reading until the end! If you're interested in international relations theory, we have more explanations in the article below.
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