【Read in 2 Minutes】 What is the Study of International Relations? An Easy-to-Understand Explanation of Three Representative Theories

This page explains international relations theory in an easy-to-understand manner, particularly focusing on what is often heard in the world of international cooperation.

What is International Relations Theory?

International Relations Theory, simply put, is the study of the relationships between countries.

It encompasses not only the relations between two countries but also the relationships among countries within regions such as Europe and Southeast Asia, as well as the relationships among countries within economic cooperation zones like NAFTA and ASEAN. It extends to the relationships among countries worldwide, including those in the United Nations.

For example, when studying ASEAN, researchers may examine:

・Power dynamics in the economic, military, and cultural aspects among ASEAN countries.

・The process of policy decision-making. 

・Reasons behind military conflicts or ethnic disputes among ASEAN member countries.

Three Representative Theories

In the field of International Relations Theory, there are numerous theories, but initially, three main theories are studied:

• Realism: 

  Based on the assumption of human nature being inherently selfish, this theory contemplates the relations between states. It posits that in a world with various states, each primarily acts militarily to protect itself, shaping international relations. States are perceived as individual entities, and keywords include "hegemony" and "power."

• Liberalism: 

  This theory views states as assemblies of various individuals and suggests that international relations change based on what citizens desire. For instance, if citizens seek economic ties with a particular country, the state will devise ways to act accordingly. The theory is known for proposing the creation of international frameworks beyond states (such as global telephone connections) based on the desires of a nation's people. Keywords include "pluralism" and "interdependence."

• Constructivism: 

  This theory asserts that relations between states are formed based on international rules, the historical culture of the surrounding environment, and politics of the country. For example, concerning environmental issues, having a normative awareness that "harming the environment is a violation of international rules" influences relations between states. Keywords include "norms" and "identity."

Relationship with the Field of International Cooperation

In the field of international cooperation, being aware of the relationships between countries is crucial. This area is particularly important for professionals positioned upstream in international cooperation, such as diplomats and United Nations staff. When formulating foreign policies, relying on the aforementioned theories can help implement more feasible diplomatic strategies.